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EPA tractor and other types of tractors


EPA tractor

During World War II there was a shortage of tractors in Sweden and this led to the invention of a new type of tractor called the EPA tractor (EPA was a chain of discount stores and it was often used to signify something lacking in quality). An EPA tractor was simply an automobile, truck or lorry, with the passenger space was cut off behind the front seats, equipped with two gearboxes in a row. When done to an older car with a ladder frame, the result was not dissimilar to a tractor and could be used as one.

 

After the war it remained popular, now not as a farm vehicle, but as a way for young people without a driver's license to own something similar to a car. Since it was legally seen as a tractor it could be driven from 16 years of age and only required a tractor license. Eventually the legal loophole was closed and no new EPA tractors were allowed to be made, but the remaining were still legal, something that led to inflated prices and many protests from people that preferred EPA tractors to ordinary cars.

In March 31, 1975 a similar type of vehicle was introduced, the A tractor [from arbetstraktor (work tractor)]. The main difference is that an A tractor has a top speed of 30 km/h. This is usually done by fitting two gearboxes in a row and not using one of them. Volvo Duett was for a long time the primary choice for conversion to an EPA or A tractor, but, since supplies have dried up, other cars have been used, in most cases a Volvo.

 

A Ford rebuilt to an EPA tractor

A Ford rebuilt to an EPA tractor

Other types of tractors

The term tractor (US & Canada) or tractor unit (UK) is also applied to:

Road tractors or tractor units

Heavy-duty vehicles with large engines and several axles. These tractors are designed to pull long semi-trailers, most often for the transport of freight of some kind over a significant distance (see also semi-trailer truck). In England this type of "tractor" is often called an "artic cab".

Locomotive tractors (engines) or Rail car movers

The amalgamation of machines, electrical generators, controls and devices that comprise the traction component of railway vehicles

An "A tractor" based on Volvo 760. Notice the slow vehicle triangle and the longer boot.

An "A tractor" based on Volvo 760. Notice the slow vehicle triangle and the longer boot.

Artillery tractors

Vehicles used to tow artillery pieces of varying weights.
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